{
  "summary": "In the European Union tariff, line 1901 90 91 00 covers malt extract; food preparations of flour, groats, meal, starch or malt extract, not containing cocoa or containing less than 40 % by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included; food preparations of goods of headings 0401 to 0404, not containing cocoa or containing less than 5 % by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included, containing no milkfats, sucrose, isoglucose, glucose or starch or containing less than 1,5 % milkfat, 5 % sucrose (including invert sugar) or isoglucose, 5 % glucose or starch, excluding food preparations in powder form of goods of headings 0401 to 0404. The general (MFN) duty rate is 12.8%. It falls under HS subheading 1901.90 in heading 19.01 (chapter 19).",
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-11",
  "facts": [
    {
      "label": "Tariff line",
      "value": "1901 90 91 00",
      "source": "https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/9e277705-ac42-441d-8580-90cd730d9bc6/Geographical%20areas%20composition.xlsx"
    },
    {
      "label": "Covers",
      "value": "Malt extract; food preparations of flour, groats, meal, starch or malt extract, not containing cocoa or containing less than 40 % by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included; food preparations of goods of headings 0401 to 0404, not containing cocoa or containing less than 5 % by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included, containing no milkfats, sucrose, isoglucose, glucose or starch or containing less than 1,5 % milkfat, 5 % sucrose (including invert sugar) or isoglucose, 5 % glucose or starch, excluding food preparations in powder form of goods of headings 0401 to 0404",
      "source": "https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/9e277705-ac42-441d-8580-90cd730d9bc6/Geographical%20areas%20composition.xlsx"
    },
    {
      "label": "Duty (MFN)",
      "value": "12.8%",
      "source": "https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/9e277705-ac42-441d-8580-90cd730d9bc6/Geographical%20areas%20composition.xlsx"
    },
    {
      "label": "Preferential rates",
      "value": "From 0% (58 programmes or origins)",
      "source": "https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/9e277705-ac42-441d-8580-90cd730d9bc6/Geographical%20areas%20composition.xlsx"
    },
    {
      "label": "Additional duties",
      "value": "None recorded",
      "source": null
    },
    {
      "label": "Restrictions",
      "value": "None recorded",
      "source": null
    },
    {
      "label": "Import VAT/GST in the European Union",
      "value": "VAT 21%",
      "source": "border.bot release EU:taxes #1"
    },
    {
      "label": "De minimis in the European Union",
      "value": "Flat €3 duty up to €150; tax always charged",
      "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/382/oj"
    },
    {
      "label": "Tariff",
      "value": "European Union",
      "source": "https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/9e277705-ac42-441d-8580-90cd730d9bc6/Geographical%20areas%20composition.xlsx",
      "url": "https://border.bot/countries/european-union"
    },
    {
      "label": "HS subheading",
      "value": "1901.90",
      "source": null,
      "url": "https://border.bot/hs-codes/190190"
    }
  ],
  "faq": [
    {
      "question": "What does tariff line 1901 90 91 00 cover in the European Union tariff?",
      "answer": "In the European Union tariff, line 1901 90 91 00 covers malt extract; food preparations of flour, groats, meal, starch or malt extract, not containing cocoa or containing less than 40 % by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included; food preparations of goods of headings 0401 to 0404, not containing cocoa or containing less than 5 % by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included, containing no milkfats, sucrose, isoglucose, glucose or starch or containing less than 1,5 % milkfat, 5 % sucrose (including invert sugar) or isoglucose, 5 % glucose or starch, excluding food preparations in powder form of goods of headings 0401 to 0404."
    },
    {
      "question": "What is the general (MFN) duty on 1901 90 91 00 in the European Union?",
      "answer": "The general (MFN) duty rate is 12.8%."
    },
    {
      "question": "Which preferential rates apply to 1901 90 91 00?",
      "answer": "Duty-free entry applies to goods that qualify under 4 programmes: Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member St…, EEA - European Economic Area, a group of origins (TARIC area XC) and a group of origins (TARIC area XL), and to goods from CARIFORUM, the Eastern and Southern Africa States, SADC EPA, GSP-EBA (Special arrangement for the least-developed countries - Everything But Arms), GSP - General arrangements, GSP+ (incentive arrangement for sustainable development and good governance), OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories), Central America, Andorra, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Switzerland, Côte d'Ivoire, Chile, Cameroon, Colombia, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Fiji, the Faroe Islands, the United Kingdom, Georgia, Ghana, Israel, Jordan, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Morocco, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Mexico, Norway, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Palestine, the Solomon Islands, Singapore, Syria, Tunisia, Türkiye, Ukraine, Vietnam, Samoa, Kosovo, Serbia and South Africa. A preferential rate of 11.6% applies to goods from Mercosur. A preferential rate of 3.2% applies to goods from New Zealand."
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "covers",
      "title": "What this line covers",
      "text": [
        "In the European Union tariff, line 1901 90 91 00 covers malt extract; food preparations of flour, groats, meal, starch or malt extract, not containing cocoa or containing less than 40 % by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included; food preparations of goods of headings 0401 to 0404, not containing cocoa or containing less than 5 % by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included, containing no milkfats, sucrose, isoglucose, glucose or starch or containing less than 1,5 % milkfat, 5 % sucrose (including invert sugar) or isoglucose, 5 % glucose or starch, excluding food preparations in powder form of goods of headings 0401 to 0404.",
        "Its legal text is “Containing no milkfats, sucrose, isoglucose, glucose or starch or containing less than 1,5 % milkfat, 5 % sucrose (including invert sugar) or isoglucose, 5 % glucose or starch, excluding food preparations in powder form of goods of headings 0401 to 0404”, read under “Other” and “Other”."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "structure",
      "title": "How it is structured",
      "text": [
        "It falls under HS subheading 1901.90 in heading 19.01 (chapter 19). The first six digits are the Harmonized System code; the 4 digits after them are added by the European Union tariff."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "duty",
      "title": "Duty",
      "text": [
        "The general (MFN) duty rate is 12.8%.",
        "Duty-free entry applies to goods that qualify under 4 programmes, and to goods from 52 origins.",
        "A preferential rate of 11.6% applies to goods from Mercosur.",
        "A preferential rate of 3.2% applies to goods from New Zealand."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "local",
      "title": "Import VAT and de minimis in the European Union",
      "text": [
        "The European Union charges VAT on imports at a standard rate of 21%.",
        "From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, consignments sold to buyers in the European Union worth up to €150 pay a flat customs duty of €3 per tariff classification in the consignment instead of the tariff rate. Import tax is charged whatever the value."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "other-countries",
      "title": "In other countries",
      "text": [
        "National tariff lines under 1901.90 are live on border.bot for the United States (23 lines, also used by 1 other country)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sources",
      "title": "Sources and updates",
      "text": [
        "The tariff lines for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "The duty rates for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "The trade programmes for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "The import taxes for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, imported from a file, and have been live since 9 October 2026.",
        "The de minimis thresholds for the European Union come from border.bot release 2, entered by border.bot, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "This page was last updated on 11 October 2026.",
        "Guidance from published tariff data, not a binding ruling. For a decision customs must follow, apply to the destination’s customs authority for a binding tariff ruling."
      ]
    }
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