{
  "summary": "In the European Union tariff, line 2818 10 11 40 covers artificial corundum, whether or not chemically defined, with an aluminium oxide content of 98,5 % by weight or more, with less than 50 % of the total weight having a particle size of more than 10 mm, sintered Sol-Gel corundum or pre-sintered Sol-Gel with a microcrystalline structure, consisting of aluminium oxide, with a composition by weight (as oxides) of at least 98,5% aluminium oxide, other than with an aluminium oxide content of 99,6% or more by weight, having a microcrystalline structure in the form of rods with an aspect ratio of 1,3 or more, but not more than 6,0. The general (MFN) duty rate is 5.2%. It falls under HS subheading 2818.10 in heading 28.18 (chapter 28).",
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-11",
  "facts": [
    {
      "label": "Tariff line",
      "value": "2818 10 11 40",
      "source": "https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/9e277705-ac42-441d-8580-90cd730d9bc6/Geographical%20areas%20composition.xlsx"
    },
    {
      "label": "Covers",
      "value": "Artificial corundum, whether or not chemically defined, with an aluminium oxide content of 98,5 % by weight or more, with less than 50 % of the total weight having a particle size of more than 10 mm, sintered Sol-Gel corundum or pre-sintered Sol-Gel with a microcrystalline structure, consisting of aluminium oxide, with a composition by weight (as oxides) of at least 98,5% aluminium oxide, other than with an aluminium oxide content of 99,6% or more by weight, having a microcrystalline structure in the form of rods with an aspect ratio of 1,3 or more, but not more than 6,0",
      "source": "https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/9e277705-ac42-441d-8580-90cd730d9bc6/Geographical%20areas%20composition.xlsx"
    },
    {
      "label": "Duty (MFN)",
      "value": "5.2%",
      "source": "https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/9e277705-ac42-441d-8580-90cd730d9bc6/Geographical%20areas%20composition.xlsx"
    },
    {
      "label": "Preferential rates",
      "value": "From 0% (56 programmes or origins)",
      "source": "https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/9e277705-ac42-441d-8580-90cd730d9bc6/Geographical%20areas%20composition.xlsx"
    },
    {
      "label": "Additional duties",
      "value": "None recorded",
      "source": null
    },
    {
      "label": "Restrictions",
      "value": "None recorded",
      "source": null
    },
    {
      "label": "Import VAT/GST in the European Union",
      "value": "VAT 21%",
      "source": "border.bot release EU:taxes #1"
    },
    {
      "label": "De minimis in the European Union",
      "value": "Flat €3 duty up to €150; tax always charged",
      "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/382/oj"
    },
    {
      "label": "Tariff",
      "value": "European Union",
      "source": "https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/9e277705-ac42-441d-8580-90cd730d9bc6/Geographical%20areas%20composition.xlsx",
      "url": "https://border.bot/countries/european-union"
    },
    {
      "label": "HS subheading",
      "value": "2818.10",
      "source": null,
      "url": "https://border.bot/hs-codes/281810"
    }
  ],
  "faq": [
    {
      "question": "What does tariff line 2818 10 11 40 cover in the European Union tariff?",
      "answer": "In the European Union tariff, line 2818 10 11 40 covers artificial corundum, whether or not chemically defined, with an aluminium oxide content of 98,5 % by weight or more, with less than 50 % of the total weight having a particle size of more than 10 mm, sintered Sol-Gel corundum or pre-sintered Sol-Gel with a microcrystalline structure, consisting of aluminium oxide, with a composition by weight (as oxides) of at least 98,5% aluminium oxide, other than with an aluminium oxide content of 99,6% or more by weight, having a microcrystalline structure in the form of rods with an aspect ratio of 1,3 or more, but not more than 6,0."
    },
    {
      "question": "What is the general (MFN) duty on 2818 10 11 40 in the European Union?",
      "answer": "The general (MFN) duty rate is 5.2%. The rate is published on 2818 10 00 00."
    },
    {
      "question": "Which preferential rates apply to 2818 10 11 40?",
      "answer": "Duty-free entry applies to goods that qualify under 5 programmes: EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods, Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member St…, EEA - European Economic Area, a group of origins (TARIC area XC) and a group of origins (TARIC area XL), and to goods from CARIFORUM, the Eastern and Southern Africa States, SADC EPA, GSP-EBA (Special arrangement for the least-developed countries - Everything But Arms), GSP+ (incentive arrangement for sustainable development and good governance), OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories), Central America, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Switzerland, Côte d'Ivoire, Chile, Cameroon, Colombia, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Fiji, the Faroe Islands, the United Kingdom, Georgia, Ghana, Israel, Jordan, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Lebanon, Morocco, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Palestine, the Solomon Islands, Singapore, Syria, Tunisia, Ukraine, the United States, Vietnam, Samoa, Kosovo, Serbia and South Africa. A preferential rate of 1.7% applies to goods from GSP - General arrangements. A preferential rate of 4.1% applies to goods from Mercosur."
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "covers",
      "title": "What this line covers",
      "text": [
        "In the European Union tariff, line 2818 10 11 40 covers artificial corundum, whether or not chemically defined, with an aluminium oxide content of 98,5 % by weight or more, with less than 50 % of the total weight having a particle size of more than 10 mm, sintered Sol-Gel corundum or pre-sintered Sol-Gel with a microcrystalline structure, consisting of aluminium oxide, with a composition by weight (as oxides) of at least 98,5% aluminium oxide, other than with an aluminium oxide content of 99,6% or more by weight, having a microcrystalline structure in the form of rods with an aspect ratio of 1,3 or more, but not more than 6,0.",
        "Its legal text is “Sintered Sol-Gel corundum or pre-sintered Sol-Gel with a microcrystalline structure, consisting of aluminium oxide, with a composition by weight (as oxides) of at least 98,5% aluminium oxide, other than with an aluminium oxide content of 99,6% or more by weight, having a microcrystalline structure in the form of rods with an aspect ratio of 1,3 or more, but not more than 6,0”, read under “Artificial corundum, whether or not chemically defined”, “With an aluminium oxide content of 98,5 % by weight or more” and “With less than 50 % of the total weight having a particle size of more than 10 mm”."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "structure",
      "title": "How it is structured",
      "text": [
        "It falls under HS subheading 2818.10 in heading 28.18 (chapter 28). The first six digits are the Harmonized System code; the 4 digits after them are added by the European Union tariff."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "duty",
      "title": "Duty",
      "text": [
        "The general (MFN) duty rate is 5.2%.",
        "The rate is published on 2818 10 00 00.",
        "Duty-free entry applies to goods that qualify under 5 programmes, and to goods from 49 origins.",
        "A preferential rate of 1.7% applies to goods from GSP - General arrangements.",
        "A preferential rate of 4.1% applies to goods from Mercosur."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "local",
      "title": "Import VAT and de minimis in the European Union",
      "text": [
        "The European Union charges VAT on imports at a standard rate of 21%.",
        "From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, consignments sold to buyers in the European Union worth up to €150 pay a flat customs duty of €3 per tariff classification in the consignment instead of the tariff rate. Import tax is charged whatever the value."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "other-countries",
      "title": "In other countries",
      "text": [
        "National tariff lines under 2818.10 are live on border.bot for the United States (3 lines, also used by 1 other country)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sources",
      "title": "Sources and updates",
      "text": [
        "The tariff lines for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "The duty rates for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "The trade programmes for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "The import taxes for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, imported from a file, and have been live since 9 October 2026.",
        "The de minimis thresholds for the European Union come from border.bot release 2, entered by border.bot, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "This page was last updated on 11 October 2026.",
        "Guidance from published tariff data, not a binding ruling. For a decision customs must follow, apply to the destination’s customs authority for a binding tariff ruling."
      ]
    }
  ],
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      "code": "EU",
      "name": "European Union",
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        "sellerScheme": null,
        "flatDuty": {
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    "dateModified": "2026-10-11T20:29:44.802Z",
    "chapter": {
      "code": "28",
      "description": "Inorganic chemicals; organic or inorganic compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes"
    },
    "heading": {
      "code": "2818",
      "description": "Artificial corundum, whether or not chemically defined; aluminium oxide; aluminium hydroxide"
    },
    "subheading": {
      "code": "281810",
      "description": "Artificial corundum, whether or not chemically defined"
    },
    "line": {
      "code": "2818101140",
      "description": "Sintered Sol-Gel corundum or pre-sintered Sol-Gel with a microcrystalline structure, consisting of aluminium oxide, with a composition by weight (as oxides) of at least 98,5% aluminium oxide, other than with an aluminium oxide content of 99,6% or more by weight, having a microcrystalline structure in the form of rods with an aspect ratio of 1,3 or more, but not more than 6,0",
      "levels": [
        "Artificial corundum, whether or not chemically defined",
        "With an aluminium oxide content of 98,5 % by weight or more",
        "With less than 50 % of the total weight having a particle size of more than 10 mm",
        "Sintered Sol-Gel corundum or pre-sintered Sol-Gel with a microcrystalline structure, consisting of aluminium oxide, with a composition by weight (as oxides) of at least 98,5% aluminium oxide, other than with an aluminium oxide content of 99,6% or more by weight, having a microcrystalline structure in the form of rods with an aspect ratio of 1,3 or more, but not more than 6,0"
      ],
      "english": null,
      "keywords": [],
      "lang": "en",
      "units": [],
      "special": null,
      "general": {
        "code": "2818100000",
        "dutyText": "5.200 %",
        "startDate": "1994-09-15",
        "endDate": null,
        "unit": null
      },
      "preferences": [
        {
          "dutyText": "0.000 %",
          "origins": [
            {
              "code": "1007",
              "label": "EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods"
            },
            {
              "code": "1033",
              "label": "CARIFORUM"
            },
            {
              "code": "1034",
              "label": "Eastern and Southern Africa States"
            },
            {
              "code": "1035",
              "label": "SADC EPA"
            },
            {
              "code": "2000",
              "label": "Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member St…"
            },
            {
              "code": "2005",
              "label": "GSP-EBA (Special arrangement for the least-developed countries - Everything But Arms)"
            },
            {
              "code": "2012",
              "label": "EEA - European Economic Area"
            },
            {
              "code": "2027",
              "label": "GSP+ (incentive arrangement for sustainable development and good governance)"
            },
            {
              "code": "2080",
              "label": "OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories)"
            },
            {
              "code": "2200",
              "label": "Central America"
            },
            {
              "code": "AL",
              "label": "Albania"
            },
            {
              "code": "BA",
              "label": "Bosnia and Herzegovina"
            },
            {
              "code": "CA",
              "label": "Canada"
            },
            {
              "code": "CH",
              "label": "Switzerland"
            },
            {
              "code": "CI",
              "label": "Côte d'Ivoire"
            },
            {
              "code": "CL",
              "label": "Chile"
            },
            {
              "code": "CM",
              "label": "Cameroon"
            },
            {
              "code": "CO",
              "label": "Colombia"
            },
            {
              "code": "DZ",
              "label": "Algeria"
            },
            {
              "code": "EC",
              "label": "Ecuador"
            },
            {
              "code": "EG",
              "label": "Egypt"
            },
            {
              "code": "FJ",
              "label": "Fiji"
            },
            {
              "code": "FO",
              "label": "Faroe Islands"
            },
            {
              "code": "GB",
              "label": "United Kingdom"
            },
            {
              "code": "GE",
              "label": "Georgia"
            },
            {
              "code": "GH",
              "label": "Ghana"
            },
            {
              "code": "IL",
              "label": "Israel"
            },
            {
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              "label": "Jordan"
            },
            {
              "code": "JP",
              "label": "Japan"
            },
            {
              "code": "KE",
              "label": "Kenya"
            },
            {
              "code": "KR",
              "label": "South Korea"
            },
            {
              "code": "LB",
              "label": "Lebanon"
            },
            {
              "code": "MA",
              "label": "Morocco"
            },
            {
              "code": "MD",
              "label": "Moldova"
            },
            {
              "code": "ME",
              "label": "Montenegro"
            },
            {
              "code": "MK",
              "label": "North Macedonia"
            },
            {
              "code": "MX",
              "label": "Mexico"
            },
            {
              "code": "NZ",
              "label": "New Zealand"
            },
            {
              "code": "PE",
              "label": "Peru"
            },
            {
              "code": "PG",
              "label": "Papua New Guinea"
            },
            {
              "code": "PS",
              "label": "Palestine"
            },
            {
              "code": "SB",
              "label": "Solomon Islands"
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            {
              "code": "SG",
              "label": "Singapore"
            },
            {
              "code": "SY",
              "label": "Syria"
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            {
              "code": "TN",
              "label": "Tunisia"
            },
            {
              "code": "UA",
              "label": "Ukraine"
            },
            {
              "code": "US",
              "label": "United States"
            },
            {
              "code": "VN",
              "label": "Vietnam"
            },
            {
              "code": "WS",
              "label": "Samoa"
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            {
              "code": "XC",
              "label": "a group of origins (TARIC area XC)"
            },
            {
              "code": "XK",
              "label": "Kosovo"
            },
            {
              "code": "XL",
              "label": "a group of origins (TARIC area XL)"
            },
            {
              "code": "XS",
              "label": "Serbia"
            },
            {
              "code": "ZA",
              "label": "South Africa"
            }
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        },
        {
          "dutyText": "1.700 %",
          "origins": [
            {
              "code": "2020",
              "label": "GSP - General arrangements"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "dutyText": "4.100 %",
          "origins": [
            {
              "code": "5500",
              "label": "Mercosur"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "measures": [],
      "restrictions": []
    },
    "siblings": [
      {
        "code": "2818101110",
        "description": "Sol-Gel corundum (CAS RN 1302-74-5) with an aluminium oxide content of 99,6 % or more by weight, having a micro crystalline structure in the form of rods with an aspect ratio of 1,3 or more, but not more than 6,0"
      },
      {
        "code": "2818101120",
        "description": "Sintered corundum with a micro crystalline structure, consisting of aluminium oxide (CAS RN 1344-28-1) and magnesium aluminate (CAS RN 12068-51-8), with a content by weight (calculated as oxides) of: -92 % or more of aluminium oxide, and -8 % or less of magnesium oxide"
      },
      {
        "code": "2818101130",
        "description": "Sintered Sol-Gel corundum or pre-sintered Sol-Gel with an aluminium oxide content of 99,6% or more by weight, having a microcrystalline structure in the form of rods with an aspect ratio of 1,3 or more, but not more than 6,0"
      },
      {
        "code": "2818101191",
        "description": "Fused alumina where both of the following apply: (i) between 5% and 35% of the product by weight is below the lowest grain size limit set out in the specification for the product and; (ii) between 1% and 10% of the product by weight is above the upper grain size limit set out in the specification for the product"
      },
      {
        "code": "2818101199",
        "description": "Other"
      },
      {
        "code": "2818101900",
        "description": "With 50 % or more of the total weight having a particle size of more than 10 mm"
      },
      {
        "code": "2818109120",
        "description": "Sintered corundum with a micro crystalline structure, consisting of aluminium oxide (CAS RN 1344-28-1), magnesium aluminate (CAS RN 12068-51-8) and the rare earth aluminates of yttrium, lanthanum, and neodymium, with a content by weight (calculated as oxides) of: - 92 % or more, but less than 98,5 % of aluminium oxide, - 2 % (± 1,5 %) of magnesium oxide, - 1 % (± 0,6 %) of yttrium oxide, and - either 3 % (± 2,2 %) of lanthanum oxide or - 2 % (± 1,2 %) of lanthanum oxide and neodymium oxide, with less than 50 % of the total weight having a particle size of more than 10 mm"
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