{
  "summary": "The European Union tariff has 293 national lines in HS chapter 44 (wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal), under 128 subheadings in 21 headings.",
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-11",
  "facts": [
    {
      "label": "National lines",
      "value": "293",
      "source": null
    },
    {
      "label": "Subheadings",
      "value": "128",
      "source": null
    },
    {
      "label": "Import VAT/GST in the European Union",
      "value": "VAT 21%",
      "source": "border.bot release EU:taxes #1"
    },
    {
      "label": "De minimis in the European Union",
      "value": "Flat €3 duty up to €150; tax always charged",
      "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/382/oj"
    },
    {
      "label": "Tariff",
      "value": "European Union",
      "source": "https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/9e277705-ac42-441d-8580-90cd730d9bc6/Geographical%20areas%20composition.xlsx",
      "url": "https://border.bot/countries/european-union"
    },
    {
      "label": "Chapter",
      "value": "44: Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal",
      "source": null
    }
  ],
  "faq": [
    {
      "question": "How many national tariff lines does the European Union tariff have in HS chapter 44?",
      "answer": "The European Union tariff has 293 national lines in HS chapter 44 (wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal), under 128 subheadings in 21 headings."
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "covers",
      "title": "Subheadings with European Union lines",
      "text": [
        "The European Union tariff has 293 national lines in HS chapter 44 (wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal), under 128 subheadings in 21 headings."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "local",
      "title": "Import VAT and de minimis in the European Union",
      "text": [
        "The European Union charges VAT on imports at a standard rate of 21%.",
        "From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, consignments sold to buyers in the European Union worth up to €150 pay a flat customs duty of €3 per tariff classification in the consignment instead of the tariff rate. Import tax is charged whatever the value."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "other-countries",
      "title": "In other countries",
      "text": [
        "National tariff lines under chapter 44 are live on border.bot for the United States (556 lines, also used by 1 other country)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sources",
      "title": "Sources and updates",
      "text": [
        "The tariff lines for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "The duty rates for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "The trade programmes for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "The import taxes for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, imported from a file, and have been live since 9 October 2026.",
        "The de minimis thresholds for the European Union come from border.bot release 2, entered by border.bot, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "This page was last updated on 11 October 2026.",
        "Guidance from published tariff data, not a binding ruling. For a decision customs must follow, apply to the destination’s customs authority for a binding tariff ruling."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "data": {
    "type": "country-chapter",
    "country": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "European Union",
      "slug": "european-union"
    },
    "schedule": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "European Union",
      "slug": "european-union"
    },
    "borrowed": false,
    "localTaxes": [
      {
        "code": "VAT",
        "name": "VAT",
        "region": null,
        "rate": 21,
        "rateType": "percent",
        "unit": null,
        "scope": [],
        "exclude": [],
        "startDate": null,
        "endDate": null,
        "sourceUrl": null,
        "notes": null
      }
    ],
    "localDeminimis": [
      {
        "channel": "any",
        "purpose": "sale",
        "currency": "EUR",
        "dutyThreshold": 150,
        "taxThreshold": null,
        "basis": "consignment",
        "valueBasis": "goods",
        "exclusions": [],
        "origins": [],
        "excludeOrigins": [],
        "sellerScheme": null,
        "flatDuty": {
          "per": "classification",
          "amount": 3,
          "currency": "EUR",
          "codeLength": null
        },
        "from": "EU",
        "startDate": "2026-07-01",
        "endDate": "2028-07-01",
        "sourceUrl": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/382/oj",
        "notes": null
      }
    ],
    "ratesLive": true,
    "provenance": [
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    ],
    "dateModified": "2026-10-11T20:29:44.802Z",
    "chapter": {
      "code": "44",
      "description": "Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal"
    },
    "headings": [
      {
        "code": "4401",
        "description": "Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms; wood in chips or particles; sawdust and wood waste and scrap, whether or not agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440111",
            "description": "Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms: Coniferous",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440112",
            "description": "Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms: Non-coniferous",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440121",
            "description": "Wood in chips or particles: Coniferous",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440122",
            "description": "Wood in chips or particles: Non-coniferous",
            "lines": 2
          },
          {
            "code": "440131",
            "description": "Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms: Wood pellets",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440132",
            "description": "Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms: Wood briquettes",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440139",
            "description": "Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms: Other",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440141",
            "description": "Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, not agglomerated: Sawdust",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440149",
            "description": "Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, not agglomerated: Other",
            "lines": 2
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4402",
        "description": "Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not agglomerated",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440210",
            "description": "Of bamboo",
            "lines": 2
          },
          {
            "code": "440220",
            "description": "Of shell or nut",
            "lines": 2
          },
          {
            "code": "440290",
            "description": "Other",
            "lines": 2
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4403",
        "description": "Wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440311",
            "description": "Treated with paint, stains, creosote or other preservatives: Coniferous",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440312",
            "description": "Treated with paint, stains, creosote or other preservatives: Non-coniferous",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440321",
            "description": "Other, coniferous: Of pine (Pinus spp.), of which the smallest cross-sectional dimension is 15cm or more",
            "lines": 4
          },
          {
            "code": "440322",
            "description": "Other, coniferous: Of pine (Pinus spp.), other",
            "lines": 2
          },
          {
            "code": "440323",
            "description": "Other, coniferous: Of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), of which the smallest cross-sectional dimension is 15cm or more",
            "lines": 4
          },
          {
            "code": "440324",
            "description": "Other, coniferous: Of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), other",
            "lines": 2
          },
          {
            "code": "440325",
            "description": "Other, coniferous: Other, of which the smallest cross-sectional dimension is 15cm or more",
            "lines": 2
          },
          {
            "code": "440326",
            "description": "Other, coniferous: Other",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440341",
            "description": "Other, of tropical wood: Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti and Meranti Bakau",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440342",
            "description": "Other, of tropical wood: Teak",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440349",
            "description": "Other, of tropical wood: Other",
            "lines": 3
          },
          {
            "code": "440391",
            "description": "Other: Of oak (Quercus spp.)",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440393",
            "description": "Other: Of beech (Fagus spp.), of which the smallest cross-sectional dimension is 15cm or more",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440394",
            "description": "Other: Of beech (Fagus spp.), other",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440395",
            "description": "Other: Of birch (Betula spp.), of which the smallest cross-sectional dimension is 15cm or more",
            "lines": 2
          },
          {
            "code": "440396",
            "description": "Other: Of birch (Betula spp.), other",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440397",
            "description": "Other: Of poplar and aspen (Populus spp.)",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440398",
            "description": "Other: Of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.)",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440399",
            "description": "Other: Other",
            "lines": 1
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4404",
        "description": "Hoopwood; split poles; piles, pickets and stakes of wood, pointed but not sawn lengthwise; wooden sticks, roughly trimmed but not turned, bent or otherwise worked, suitable for the manufacture of walking sticks, umbrellas, tool handles or the like; chipwood and the like",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440410",
            "description": "Coniferous",
            "lines": 2
          },
          {
            "code": "440420",
            "description": "Non-coniferous",
            "lines": 3
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4405",
        "description": "Wood wool; wood flour",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440500",
            "description": "Wood wool; wood flour",
            "lines": 1
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4406",
        "description": "Railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties) of wood",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440611",
            "description": "Not impregnated: Coniferous",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440612",
            "description": "Not impregnated: Non-coniferous",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440691",
            "description": "Other: Coniferous",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440692",
            "description": "Other: Non-coniferous",
            "lines": 1
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4407",
        "description": "Wood sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6 mm",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440711",
            "description": "Coniferous: Of pine (Pinus spp.)",
            "lines": 4
          },
          {
            "code": "440712",
            "description": "Coniferous: Of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.)",
            "lines": 4
          },
          {
            "code": "440713",
            "description": "Coniferous: Of S-P-F (spruce (Picea spp.), pine (Pinus spp.) and fir (Abies spp.))",
            "lines": 4
          },
          {
            "code": "440714",
            "description": "Coniferous: Of Hem-fir (Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and fir (Abies spp.))",
            "lines": 4
          },
          {
            "code": "440719",
            "description": "Coniferous: Other",
            "lines": 4
          },
          {
            "code": "440721",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Mahogany (Swietenia spp.)",
            "lines": 3
          },
          {
            "code": "440722",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Virola, Imbuia and Balsa",
            "lines": 3
          },
          {
            "code": "440723",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Teak",
            "lines": 3
          },
          {
            "code": "440725",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti and Meranti Bakau",
            "lines": 4
          },
          {
            "code": "440726",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: White lauan, white meranti, white seraya, yellow meranti and alan",
            "lines": 4
          },
          {
            "code": "440727",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Sapelli",
            "lines": 3
          },
          {
            "code": "440728",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Iroko",
            "lines": 3
          },
          {
            "code": "440729",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Other",
            "lines": 8
          },
          {
            "code": "440791",
            "description": "Other: Of oak (Quercus spp.)",
            "lines": 4
          },
          {
            "code": "440792",
            "description": "Other: Of beech (Fagus spp.)",
            "lines": 2
          },
          {
            "code": "440793",
            "description": "Other: Of maple (Acer spp.)",
            "lines": 3
          },
          {
            "code": "440794",
            "description": "Other: Of cherry (Prunus spp.)",
            "lines": 3
          },
          {
            "code": "440795",
            "description": "Other: Of ash (Fraxinus spp.)",
            "lines": 3
          },
          {
            "code": "440796",
            "description": "Other: Of birch (Betula spp.)",
            "lines": 3
          },
          {
            "code": "440797",
            "description": "Other: Of poplar and aspen (Populus spp.)",
            "lines": 3
          },
          {
            "code": "440799",
            "description": "Other: Other",
            "lines": 3
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4408",
        "description": "Sheets for veneering (including those obtained by slicing laminated wood), for plywood or for similar laminated wood and other wood, sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded, spliced or end-jointed, of a thickness not exceeding 6 mm",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440810",
            "description": "Coniferous",
            "lines": 3
          },
          {
            "code": "440831",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti and Meranti Bakau",
            "lines": 4
          },
          {
            "code": "440839",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Other",
            "lines": 11
          },
          {
            "code": "440890",
            "description": "Other",
            "lines": 4
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4409",
        "description": "Wood (including strips and friezes for parquet flooring, not assembled) continuously shaped (tongued, grooved, rebated, chamfered, V-jointed, beaded, moulded, rounded or the like) along any of its edges, ends or faces, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440910",
            "description": "Coniferous",
            "lines": 2
          },
          {
            "code": "440921",
            "description": "Non-coniferous: Of bamboo",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440922",
            "description": "Non-coniferous: Of tropical wood",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "440929",
            "description": "Non-coniferous: Other",
            "lines": 3
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4410",
        "description": "Particle board, oriented strand board (OSB) and similar board (for example, waferboard) of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not agglomerated with resins or other organic binding substances",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "441011",
            "description": "Of wood: Particle board",
            "lines": 4
          },
          {
            "code": "441012",
            "description": "Of wood: Oriented strand board (OSB)",
            "lines": 2
          },
          {
            "code": "441019",
            "description": "Of wood: Other",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "441090",
            "description": "Other",
            "lines": 1
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4411",
        "description": "Fibreboard of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not bonded with resins or other organic substances",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "441112",
            "description": "Medium density fibreboard (MDF): Of a thickness not exceeding 5mm",
            "lines": 4
          },
          {
            "code": "441113",
            "description": "Medium density fibreboard (MDF): Of a thickness exceeding 5mm but not exceeding 9mm",
            "lines": 4
          },
          {
            "code": "441114",
            "description": "Medium density fibreboard (MDF): Of a thickness exceeding 9mm",
            "lines": 5
          },
          {
            "code": "441192",
            "description": "Other: Of a density exceeding 0.8g/cm³",
            "lines": 2
          },
          {
            "code": "441193",
            "description": "Other: Of a density exceeding 0.5g/cm³ but not exceeding 0.8g/cm³",
            "lines": 1
          },
          {
            "code": "441194",
            "description": "Other: Of a density not exceeding 0.5g/cm³",
            "lines": 2
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4412",
        "description": "Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "441210",
            "description": "Of bamboo",
            "lines": 3
          },
          {
            "code": "441231",
            "description": "Other plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood (other than bamboo), each ply not exceeding 6 mm thickness: With at least one outer ply of tropical wood",
            "lines": 4
          },
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            "code": "441233",
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