{
  "summary": "The European Union tariff splits HS 8511.90 (parts) into 4 national lines: 8511 90 00 10 (for use in certain types of aircraft), 8511 90 00 20 (drive end shield for starter motors and alternators of passenger cars and commercial vehicles -produced with high pressure precision die casting technology, -made of aluminium alloy (EN 1706 grade AC-47100 or AC-47100 S or AC-46000 or AC-46000 S or AC-44300), -whether or not with bearing), 8511 90 00 30 (commutator for passenger car and commercial vehicle starter motors -with a length of 27,7 mm or more but not more than 44,6 mm, -with umbrella or drum design) and 8511 90 00 90 (other). The general (MFN) duty is 3.2% on all 4 lines.",
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-11",
  "facts": [
    {
      "label": "HS subheading",
      "value": "8511.90",
      "source": null,
      "url": "https://border.bot/hs-codes/851190"
    },
    {
      "label": "Duty (MFN)",
      "value": "3.2%",
      "source": "https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/9e277705-ac42-441d-8580-90cd730d9bc6/Geographical%20areas%20composition.xlsx"
    },
    {
      "label": "National lines",
      "value": "4",
      "source": null
    },
    {
      "label": "Import VAT/GST in the European Union",
      "value": "VAT 21%",
      "source": "border.bot release EU:taxes #1"
    },
    {
      "label": "De minimis in the European Union",
      "value": "Flat €3 duty up to €150; tax always charged",
      "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/382/oj"
    },
    {
      "label": "Tariff",
      "value": "European Union",
      "source": "https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/9e277705-ac42-441d-8580-90cd730d9bc6/Geographical%20areas%20composition.xlsx",
      "url": "https://border.bot/countries/european-union"
    },
    {
      "label": "Chapter",
      "value": "85: Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles",
      "source": null
    }
  ],
  "faq": [
    {
      "question": "How many national tariff lines does the European Union tariff have under HS 8511.90?",
      "answer": "The European Union tariff splits HS 8511.90 (parts) into 4 national lines: 8511 90 00 10 (for use in certain types of aircraft), 8511 90 00 20 (drive end shield for starter motors and alternators of passenger cars and commercial vehicles -produced with high pressure precision die casting technology, -made of aluminium alloy (EN 1706 grade AC-47100 or AC-47100 S or AC-46000 or AC-46000 S or AC-44300), -whether or not with bearing), 8511 90 00 30 (commutator for passenger car and commercial vehicle starter motors -with a length of 27,7 mm or more but not more than 44,6 mm, -with umbrella or drum design) and 8511 90 00 90 (other)."
    },
    {
      "question": "What is the duty on HS 8511.90 in the European Union?",
      "answer": "The general (MFN) duty is 3.2% on all 4 lines."
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "covers",
      "title": "European Union lines under 8511.90",
      "text": [
        "The European Union tariff splits HS 8511.90 (parts) into 4 national lines: 8511 90 00 10 (for use in certain types of aircraft), 8511 90 00 20 (drive end shield for starter motors and alternators of passenger cars and commercial vehicles -produced with high pressure precision die casting technology, -made of aluminium alloy (EN 1706 grade AC-47100 or AC-47100 S or AC-46000 or AC-46000 S or AC-44300), -whether or not with bearing), 8511 90 00 30 (commutator for passenger car and commercial vehicle starter motors -with a length of 27,7 mm or more but not more than 44,6 mm, -with umbrella or drum design) and 8511 90 00 90 (other).",
        "The general (MFN) duty is 3.2% on all 4 lines."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "local",
      "title": "Import VAT and de minimis in the European Union",
      "text": [
        "The European Union charges VAT on imports at a standard rate of 21%.",
        "From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, consignments sold to buyers in the European Union worth up to €150 pay a flat customs duty of €3 per tariff classification in the consignment instead of the tariff rate. Import tax is charged whatever the value."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "other-countries",
      "title": "In other countries",
      "text": [
        "National tariff lines under 8511.90 are live on border.bot for the United States (4 lines, also used by 1 other country)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sources",
      "title": "Sources and updates",
      "text": [
        "The tariff lines for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "The duty rates for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "The trade programmes for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "The import taxes for the European Union come from border.bot release 1, imported from a file, and have been live since 9 October 2026.",
        "The de minimis thresholds for the European Union come from border.bot release 2, entered by border.bot, and have been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "This page was last updated on 11 October 2026.",
        "Guidance from published tariff data, not a binding ruling. For a decision customs must follow, apply to the destination’s customs authority for a binding tariff ruling."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "data": {
    "type": "country-subheading",
    "country": {
      "code": "EU",
      "name": "European Union",
      "slug": "european-union"
    },
    "schedule": {
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      "name": "European Union",
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    "borrowed": false,
    "localTaxes": [
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        "rateType": "percent",
        "unit": null,
        "scope": [],
        "exclude": [],
        "startDate": null,
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        "notes": null
      }
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    "localDeminimis": [
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        "channel": "any",
        "purpose": "sale",
        "currency": "EUR",
        "dutyThreshold": 150,
        "taxThreshold": null,
        "basis": "consignment",
        "valueBasis": "goods",
        "exclusions": [],
        "origins": [],
        "excludeOrigins": [],
        "sellerScheme": null,
        "flatDuty": {
          "per": "classification",
          "amount": 3,
          "currency": "EUR",
          "codeLength": null
        },
        "from": "EU",
        "startDate": "2026-07-01",
        "endDate": "2028-07-01",
        "sourceUrl": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/382/oj",
        "notes": null
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    "ratesLive": true,
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    "dateModified": "2026-10-11T20:29:44.802Z",
    "chapter": {
      "code": "85",
      "description": "Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles"
    },
    "heading": {
      "code": "8511",
      "description": "Electrical ignition or starting equipment of a kind used for spark-ignition or compression-ignition internal combustion engines (for example, ignition magnetos, magneto-dynamos, ignition coils, sparking plugs and glow plugs, starter motors); generators (for example, dynamos, alternators) and cut-outs of a kind used in conjunction with such engines"
    },
    "subheading": {
      "code": "851190",
      "description": "Parts"
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    "lines": [
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        "code": "8511900010",
        "description": "For use in certain types of aircraft",
        "levels": [
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          "For use in certain types of aircraft"
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        "english": null,
        "keywords": [],
        "lang": "en",
        "units": [],
        "special": null,
        "general": {
          "code": "8511900000",
          "dutyText": "3.200 %",
          "startDate": "1999-01-01",
          "endDate": null,
          "unit": null
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        "preferences": [
          {
            "dutyText": "0.000 %",
            "origins": [
              {
                "code": "1007",
                "label": "EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods"
              },
              {
                "code": "1033",
                "label": "CARIFORUM"
              },
              {
                "code": "1034",
                "label": "Eastern and Southern Africa States"
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              {
                "code": "1035",
                "label": "SADC EPA"
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              {
                "code": "2000",
                "label": "Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member St…"
              },
              {
                "code": "2005",
                "label": "GSP-EBA (Special arrangement for the least-developed countries - Everything But Arms)"
              },
              {
                "code": "2012",
                "label": "EEA - European Economic Area"
              },
              {
                "code": "2020",
                "label": "GSP - General arrangements"
              },
              {
                "code": "2027",
                "label": "GSP+ (incentive arrangement for sustainable development and good governance)"
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              {
                "code": "2080",
                "label": "OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories)"
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              {
                "code": "2200",
                "label": "Central America"
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              {
                "code": "5500",
                "label": "Mercosur"
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                "code": "AL",
                "label": "Albania"
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              {
                "code": "BA",
                "label": "Bosnia and Herzegovina"
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              {
                "code": "CA",
                "label": "Canada"
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              {
                "code": "CH",
                "label": "Switzerland"
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              {
                "code": "CI",
                "label": "Côte d'Ivoire"
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              {
                "code": "CL",
                "label": "Chile"
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              {
                "code": "CM",
                "label": "Cameroon"
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              {
                "code": "CO",
                "label": "Colombia"
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              {
                "code": "DZ",
                "label": "Algeria"
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              {
                "code": "EC",
                "label": "Ecuador"
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              {
                "code": "EG",
                "label": "Egypt"
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              {
                "code": "FJ",
                "label": "Fiji"
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              {
                "code": "FO",
                "label": "Faroe Islands"
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              {
                "code": "GB",
                "label": "United Kingdom"
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              {
                "code": "GE",
                "label": "Georgia"
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              {
                "code": "GH",
                "label": "Ghana"
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              {
                "code": "IL",
                "label": "Israel"
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              {
                "code": "JO",
                "label": "Jordan"
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                "label": "Morocco"
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                "label": "North Macedonia"
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              {
                "code": "MX",
                "label": "Mexico"
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              {
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                "label": "New Zealand"
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              {
                "code": "PE",
                "label": "Peru"
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              {
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              {
                "code": "PS",
                "label": "Palestine"
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              {
                "code": "SB",
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              {
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                "label": "Singapore"
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              {
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              {
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                "label": "South Africa"
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          "Drive end shield for starter motors and alternators of passenger cars and commercial vehicles -produced with high pressure precision die casting technology, -made of aluminium alloy (EN 1706 grade AC-47100 or AC-47100 S or AC-46000 or AC-46000 S or AC-44300), -whether or not with bearing"
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              {
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                "label": "CARIFORUM"
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                "code": "1034",
                "label": "Eastern and Southern Africa States"
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                "code": "1035",
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                "label": "Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member St…"
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                "code": "2080",
                "label": "OCTs (Overseas Countries and Territories)"
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                "label": "Central America"
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                "label": "Canada"
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                "code": "CH",
                "label": "Switzerland"
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                "label": "Chile"
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                "code": "CM",
                "label": "Cameroon"
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                "code": "CO",
                "label": "Colombia"
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                "code": "DZ",
                "label": "Algeria"
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                "label": "Egypt"
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              {
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                "label": "Fiji"
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              {
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                "label": "Faroe Islands"
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              {
                "code": "GB",
                "label": "United Kingdom"
              },
              {
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                "label": "Georgia"
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              {
                "code": "GH",
                "label": "Ghana"
              },
              {
                "code": "IL",
                "label": "Israel"
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              {
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                "label": "Jordan"
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              {
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                "label": "Japan"
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                "label": "Kenya"
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              {
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                "label": "South Korea"
              },
              {
                "code": "LB",
                "label": "Lebanon"
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              {
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                "label": "Morocco"
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              {
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                "label": "Moldova"
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              {
                "code": "ME",
                "label": "Montenegro"
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              {
                "code": "MK",
                "label": "North Macedonia"
              },
              {
                "code": "MX",
                "label": "Mexico"
              },
              {
                "code": "NZ",
                "label": "New Zealand"
              },
              {
                "code": "PE",
                "label": "Peru"
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              {
                "code": "PG",
                "label": "Papua New Guinea"
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              {
                "code": "PS",
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              {
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