{
  "summary": "In the United States tariff, line 4412.31.48.60 covers other plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood (other than bamboo), each ply not exceeding 6 mm in thickness, with at least one outer ply of tropical wood, not surface covered, or surface covered with a clear or transparent material which does not obscure the grain, texture or markings of the face ply, with at least one outer ply of the following tropical woods: Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti, White Lauan, Sipo, Limba, Okoumé, Obeche, Acajou d'Afrique, Sapelli, Virola, Mahogany, Palissandre de Para, Palissandre de Rio or Palissandre de Rose, not surface covered, dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti or White Lauan (Luan) (Shorea spp.). The general (MFN) duty rate is 8%. It falls under HS subheading 4412.31 in heading 44.12 (chapter 44).",
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-09",
  "facts": [
    {
      "label": "Tariff line",
      "value": "4412.31.48.60",
      "source": "https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/exportList?from=0000000000&to=9999999999&format=CSV&styles=false"
    },
    {
      "label": "Covers",
      "value": "Other plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood (other than bamboo), each ply not exceeding 6 mm in thickness, with at least one outer ply of tropical wood, not surface covered, or surface covered with a clear or transparent material which does not obscure the grain, texture or markings of the face ply, with at least one outer ply of the following tropical woods: Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti, White Lauan, Sipo, Limba, Okoumé, Obeche, Acajou d'Afrique, Sapelli, Virola, Mahogany, Palissandre de Para, Palissandre de Rio or Palissandre de Rose, not surface covered, dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti or White Lauan (Luan) (Shorea spp.)",
      "source": "https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/exportList?from=0000000000&to=9999999999&format=CSV&styles=false"
    },
    {
      "label": "Duty (MFN)",
      "value": "8%",
      "source": "https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/exportList?from=0000000000&to=9999999999&format=CSV&styles=false"
    },
    {
      "label": "Preferential rates",
      "value": "From free (17 programmes or origins)",
      "source": "https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/exportList?from=0000000000&to=9999999999&format=CSV&styles=false"
    },
    {
      "label": "Additional duties",
      "value": "None recorded",
      "source": null
    },
    {
      "label": "Restrictions",
      "value": "None recorded",
      "source": null
    },
    {
      "label": "Tariff",
      "value": "United States",
      "source": "https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/exportList?from=0000000000&to=9999999999&format=CSV&styles=false",
      "url": "https://border.bot/countries/united-states"
    },
    {
      "label": "HS subheading",
      "value": "4412.31",
      "source": null,
      "url": "https://border.bot/hs-codes/441231"
    }
  ],
  "faq": [
    {
      "question": "What does tariff line 4412.31.48.60 cover in the United States tariff?",
      "answer": "In the United States tariff, line 4412.31.48.60 covers other plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood (other than bamboo), each ply not exceeding 6 mm in thickness, with at least one outer ply of tropical wood, not surface covered, or surface covered with a clear or transparent material which does not obscure the grain, texture or markings of the face ply, with at least one outer ply of the following tropical woods: Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti, White Lauan, Sipo, Limba, Okoumé, Obeche, Acajou d'Afrique, Sapelli, Virola, Mahogany, Palissandre de Para, Palissandre de Rio or Palissandre de Rose, not surface covered, dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti or White Lauan (Luan) (Shorea spp.)."
    },
    {
      "question": "What is the general (MFN) duty on 4412.31.48.60 in the United States?",
      "answer": "The general (MFN) duty rate is 8%. The rate is published on 4412.31.48."
    },
    {
      "question": "Which preferential rates apply to 4412.31.48.60?",
      "answer": "Duty-free entry applies to goods that qualify under 16 programmes: the United States-Australia Free Trade Agreement, the United States-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, the United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement, the United States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act, African Growth and Opportunity Act, Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, the United States-Israel Free Trade Area, the United States-Jordan Free Trade Area Implementation Act, the United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, the United States-Morocco Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, the United States-Oman Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement, the United States-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act, the United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act, the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement and the United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement, and to goods from a group of origins (origin group A*)."
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "covers",
      "title": "What this line covers",
      "text": [
        "In the United States tariff, line 4412.31.48.60 covers other plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood (other than bamboo), each ply not exceeding 6 mm in thickness, with at least one outer ply of tropical wood, not surface covered, or surface covered with a clear or transparent material which does not obscure the grain, texture or markings of the face ply, with at least one outer ply of the following tropical woods: Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti, White Lauan, Sipo, Limba, Okoumé, Obeche, Acajou d'Afrique, Sapelli, Virola, Mahogany, Palissandre de Para, Palissandre de Rio or Palissandre de Rose, not surface covered, dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti or White Lauan (Luan) (Shorea spp.).",
        "Its legal text is “Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti or White Lauan (Luan) (Shorea spp.)”, read under “Other plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood (other than bamboo), each ply not exceeding 6 mm in thickness”, “With at least one outer ply of tropical wood”, “Not surface covered, or surface covered with a clear or transparent material which does not obscure the grain, texture or markings of the face ply”, “Other”, “With at least one outer ply of the following tropical woods: Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti, White Lauan, Sipo, Limba, Okoumé, Obeche, Acajou d'Afrique, Sapelli, Virola, Mahogany, Palissandre de Para, Palissandre de Rio or Palissandre de Rose”, “Other”, “Other” and “Not surface covered”."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "structure",
      "title": "How it is structured",
      "text": [
        "It falls under HS subheading 4412.31 in heading 44.12 (chapter 44). The first six digits are the Harmonized System code; the 4 digits after them are added by the United States tariff."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "duty",
      "title": "Duty",
      "text": [
        "The general (MFN) duty rate is 8%.",
        "The rate is published on 4412.31.48.",
        "Duty-free entry applies to goods that qualify under 16 programmes, and to goods from a group of origins (origin group A*)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "other-countries",
      "title": "In other countries",
      "text": [
        "No other national tariff on border.bot has live lines under 4412.31 yet."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sources",
      "title": "Sources and updates",
      "text": [
        "The tariff lines for the United States come from border.bot release 1 (edition 2026HTSRev21), read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 9 October 2026.",
        "The duty rates for the United States come from border.bot release 1 (edition 2026HTSRev21), read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 9 October 2026.",
        "The trade programmes for the United States come from border.bot release 1 (edition 2026HTSRev21), read from the publisher’s files, and have been live since 9 October 2026.",
        "This page was last updated on 9 October 2026.",
        "Guidance from published tariff data, not a binding ruling. For a decision customs must follow, apply to the destination’s customs authority for a binding tariff ruling."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "data": {
    "type": "country-line",
    "country": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "slug": "united-states"
    },
    "schedule": {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "slug": "united-states"
    },
    "borrowed": false,
    "localTaxes": [],
    "localDeminimis": [],
    "ratesLive": true,
    "provenance": [
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        "dataset": "US:hs",
        "country": "US",
        "kind": "hs",
        "seq": 1,
        "version": "2026HTSRev21",
        "liveAt": "2026-10-09T21:15:50.043Z",
        "origin": "source",
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      {
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        "country": "US",
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        "liveAt": "2026-10-09T21:15:36.287Z",
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      {
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    "dateModified": "2026-10-09T21:15:58.040Z",
    "chapter": {
      "code": "44",
      "description": "Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal"
    },
    "heading": {
      "code": "4412",
      "description": "Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood"
    },
    "subheading": {
      "code": "441231",
      "description": "Other plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood (other than bamboo), each ply not exceeding 6 mm thickness: With at least one outer ply of tropical wood"
    },
    "line": {
      "code": "4412314860",
      "description": "Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti or White Lauan (Luan) (Shorea spp.)",
      "levels": [
        "Other plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood (other than bamboo), each ply not exceeding 6 mm in thickness",
        "With at least one outer ply of tropical wood",
        "Not surface covered, or surface covered with a clear or transparent material which does not obscure the grain, texture or markings of the face ply",
        "Other",
        "With at least one outer ply of the following tropical woods: Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti, White Lauan, Sipo, Limba, Okoumé, Obeche, Acajou d'Afrique, Sapelli, Virola, Mahogany, Palissandre de Para, Palissandre de Rio or Palissandre de Rose",
        "Other",
        "Other",
        "Not surface covered",
        "Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti or White Lauan (Luan) (Shorea spp.)"
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      "english": null,
      "keywords": [],
      "lang": "en",
      "general": {
        "code": "44123148",
        "dutyText": "8%",
        "startDate": null,
        "endDate": null,
        "unit": null
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      "preferences": [
        {
          "dutyText": "Free",
          "origins": [
            {
              "code": "A*",
              "label": "a group of origins (origin group A*)"
            },
            {
              "code": "AU",
              "label": "United States-Australia Free Trade Agreement"
            },
            {
              "code": "BH",
              "label": "United States-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act"
            },
            {
              "code": "CL",
              "label": "United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement"
            },
            {
              "code": "CO",
              "label": "United States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act"
            },
            {
              "code": "D",
              "label": "African Growth and Opportunity Act"
            },
            {
              "code": "E",
              "label": "Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act"
            },
            {
              "code": "IL",
              "label": "United States-Israel Free Trade Area"
            },
            {
              "code": "JO",
              "label": "United States-Jordan Free Trade Area Implementation Act"
            },
            {
              "code": "KR",
              "label": "United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act"
            },
            {
              "code": "MA",
              "label": "United States-Morocco Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act"
            },
            {
              "code": "OM",
              "label": "United States-Oman Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act"
            },
            {
              "code": "P",
              "label": "Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement"
            },
            {
              "code": "PA",
              "label": "United States-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act"
            },
            {
              "code": "PE",
              "label": "United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act"
            },
            {
              "code": "S",
              "label": "United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement"
            },
            {
              "code": "SG",
              "label": "United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "measures": [],
      "restrictions": []
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    "siblings": [
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        "code": "4412310620",
        "description": "Panels not exceeding in any dimension 3.6 mm in thickness, 1.2 m in width and 2.2 m in length"
      },
      {
        "code": "4412310640",
        "description": "Not surface covered"
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        "description": "Other"
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        "code": "4412312610",
        "description": "With a face ply of Spanish cedar (Cedrela spp.)"
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      {
        "code": "4412312620",
        "description": "With a face ply of walnut (Juglans spp.)"
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        "description": "With a face ply of mahogany (Swietenia spp. or Khaya spp.)"
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        "code": "4412314500",
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        "description": "Panels not exceeding 3.6 mm in thickness and not exceeding 1.2 m in width and 2.2 m in length"
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        "code": "4412314863",
        "description": "Limba (Terminalia spp.), also known as Terminalia and Nargusta"
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        "code": "4412314866",
        "description": "Virola (Virola spp.)"
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      {
        "code": "4412314869",
        "description": "Other"
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        "code": "4412314875",
        "description": "Wood flooring"
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      {
        "code": "4412314880",
        "description": "Other"
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      {
        "code": "4412315225",
        "description": "Wood flooring"
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        "description": "With a face ply of sen (Kalopanax spp.)"
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        "code": "4412315260",
        "description": "Albizia (Albizia spp.), also known as Falcata, Batai and Suar wood"
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      {
        "code": "4412315262",
        "description": "Bintangor (Calophyllum spp.)"
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        "code": "4412315264",
        "description": "Mersawa (Anisoptera spp.)"
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      {
        "code": "4412315266",
        "description": "Parica (Schizolobium spp.), also known as Pinho Cuiabano, Firetree and Guapuruvu"
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        "code": "4412315268",
        "description": "Pencil cedar, Nyatoh (Palaquium spp.)"
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        "code": "4412315270",
        "description": "Other"
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        "code": "4412315275",
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        "code": "4412316100",
        "description": "With at least one outer ply of the following tropical woods: Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti, White Lauan, Sipo, Limba, Okoumé, Obeche, Acajou d'Afrique, Sapelli, Virola, Mahogany, Palissandre de Para, Palissandre de Rio or Palissandre de Rose"
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      {
        "code": "4412319200",
        "description": "Other"
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