{
  "summary": "HS chapter 44 covers wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal. It has 21 headings, 44.01 to 44.21, and 128 six-digit subheadings in HS2022. National tariff lines under chapter 44 are live on border.bot for the United States (556 lines, also used by 1 other country).",
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-11",
  "facts": [
    {
      "label": "Chapter",
      "value": "44",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
    },
    {
      "label": "Description",
      "value": "Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
    },
    {
      "label": "Headings",
      "value": "21",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
    },
    {
      "label": "Subheadings",
      "value": "128",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
    },
    {
      "label": "Edition",
      "value": "HS2022",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
    }
  ],
  "faq": [
    {
      "question": "What does HS chapter 44 cover?",
      "answer": "HS chapter 44 covers wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal."
    },
    {
      "question": "How many headings and subheadings are in HS chapter 44?",
      "answer": "HS chapter 44 has 21 headings and 128 six-digit subheadings in HS2022."
    },
    {
      "question": "Which countries’ tariffs list national lines in HS chapter 44?",
      "answer": "National tariff lines under chapter 44 are live on border.bot for the United States (556 lines, also used by 1 other country)."
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "covers",
      "title": "What this chapter covers",
      "text": [
        "HS chapter 44 covers wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal.",
        "It has 21 headings, 44.01 to 44.21, and 128 six-digit subheadings in HS2022."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "not-covered",
      "title": "What it doesn’t cover",
      "text": [
        "Chapter 43, before it, covers furskins and artificial fur; manufactures thereof; chapter 45, after it, covers cork and articles of cork."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "structure",
      "title": "How it is structured",
      "text": [
        "Chapter 44 is the first level of the Harmonized System. Its headings add two digits to the chapter number (44.01), and each heading's subheadings add two more."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "other-countries",
      "title": "In other countries",
      "text": [
        "National tariff lines under chapter 44 are live on border.bot for the United States (556 lines, also used by 1 other country)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sources",
      "title": "Sources and updates",
      "text": [
        "The Harmonized System legal text comes from border.bot release 2 (edition HS 2022), imported from a file, and has been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "This page was last updated on 11 October 2026.",
        "Guidance from published tariff data, not a binding ruling. For a decision customs must follow, apply to the destination’s customs authority for a binding tariff ruling."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "data": {
    "type": "hs-chapter",
    "edition": "HS2022",
    "chapter": {
      "code": "44",
      "description": "Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal"
    },
    "headings": [
      {
        "code": "4401",
        "description": "Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms; wood in chips or particles; sawdust and wood waste and scrap, whether or not agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440111",
            "description": "Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms: Coniferous"
          },
          {
            "code": "440112",
            "description": "Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms: Non-coniferous"
          },
          {
            "code": "440121",
            "description": "Wood in chips or particles: Coniferous"
          },
          {
            "code": "440122",
            "description": "Wood in chips or particles: Non-coniferous"
          },
          {
            "code": "440131",
            "description": "Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms: Wood pellets"
          },
          {
            "code": "440132",
            "description": "Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms: Wood briquettes"
          },
          {
            "code": "440139",
            "description": "Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "440141",
            "description": "Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, not agglomerated: Sawdust"
          },
          {
            "code": "440149",
            "description": "Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, not agglomerated: Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4402",
        "description": "Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not agglomerated",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440210",
            "description": "Of bamboo"
          },
          {
            "code": "440220",
            "description": "Of shell or nut"
          },
          {
            "code": "440290",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4403",
        "description": "Wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440311",
            "description": "Treated with paint, stains, creosote or other preservatives: Coniferous"
          },
          {
            "code": "440312",
            "description": "Treated with paint, stains, creosote or other preservatives: Non-coniferous"
          },
          {
            "code": "440321",
            "description": "Other, coniferous: Of pine (Pinus spp.), of which the smallest cross-sectional dimension is 15cm or more"
          },
          {
            "code": "440322",
            "description": "Other, coniferous: Of pine (Pinus spp.), other"
          },
          {
            "code": "440323",
            "description": "Other, coniferous: Of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), of which the smallest cross-sectional dimension is 15cm or more"
          },
          {
            "code": "440324",
            "description": "Other, coniferous: Of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), other"
          },
          {
            "code": "440325",
            "description": "Other, coniferous: Other, of which the smallest cross-sectional dimension is 15cm or more"
          },
          {
            "code": "440326",
            "description": "Other, coniferous: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "440341",
            "description": "Other, of tropical wood: Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti and Meranti Bakau"
          },
          {
            "code": "440342",
            "description": "Other, of tropical wood: Teak"
          },
          {
            "code": "440349",
            "description": "Other, of tropical wood: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "440391",
            "description": "Other: Of oak (Quercus spp.)"
          },
          {
            "code": "440393",
            "description": "Other: Of beech (Fagus spp.), of which the smallest cross-sectional dimension is 15cm or more"
          },
          {
            "code": "440394",
            "description": "Other: Of beech (Fagus spp.), other"
          },
          {
            "code": "440395",
            "description": "Other: Of birch (Betula spp.), of which the smallest cross-sectional dimension is 15cm or more"
          },
          {
            "code": "440396",
            "description": "Other: Of birch (Betula spp.), other"
          },
          {
            "code": "440397",
            "description": "Other: Of poplar and aspen (Populus spp.)"
          },
          {
            "code": "440398",
            "description": "Other: Of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.)"
          },
          {
            "code": "440399",
            "description": "Other: Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4404",
        "description": "Hoopwood; split poles; piles, pickets and stakes of wood, pointed but not sawn lengthwise; wooden sticks, roughly trimmed but not turned, bent or otherwise worked, suitable for the manufacture of walking-sticks, umbrellas, tool handles or the like; chipwood and the like",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440410",
            "description": "Coniferous"
          },
          {
            "code": "440420",
            "description": "Non-coniferous"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4405",
        "description": "Wood wool; wood flour",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440500",
            "description": "Wood wool; wood flour"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4406",
        "description": "Railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties) of wood",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440611",
            "description": "Not impregnated: Coniferous"
          },
          {
            "code": "440612",
            "description": "Not impregnated: Non-coniferous"
          },
          {
            "code": "440691",
            "description": "Other: Coniferous"
          },
          {
            "code": "440692",
            "description": "Other: Non-coniferous"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4407",
        "description": "Wood sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6mm",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440711",
            "description": "Coniferous: Of pine (Pinus spp.)"
          },
          {
            "code": "440712",
            "description": "Coniferous: Of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.)"
          },
          {
            "code": "440713",
            "description": "Coniferous: Of S-P-F (spruce (Picea spp.), pine (Pinus spp.) and fir (Abies spp.))"
          },
          {
            "code": "440714",
            "description": "Coniferous: Of Hem-fir (Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and fir (Abies spp.))"
          },
          {
            "code": "440719",
            "description": "Coniferous: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "440721",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Mahogany (Swietenia spp.)"
          },
          {
            "code": "440722",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Virola, Imbuia and Balsa"
          },
          {
            "code": "440723",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Teak"
          },
          {
            "code": "440725",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti and Meranti Bakau"
          },
          {
            "code": "440726",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: White lauan, white meranti, white seraya, yellow meranti and alan"
          },
          {
            "code": "440727",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Sapelli"
          },
          {
            "code": "440728",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Iroko"
          },
          {
            "code": "440729",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "440791",
            "description": "Other: Of oak (Quercus spp.)"
          },
          {
            "code": "440792",
            "description": "Other: Of beech (Fagus spp.)"
          },
          {
            "code": "440793",
            "description": "Other: Of maple (Acer spp.)"
          },
          {
            "code": "440794",
            "description": "Other: Of cherry (Prunus spp.)"
          },
          {
            "code": "440795",
            "description": "Other: Of ash (Fraxinus spp.)"
          },
          {
            "code": "440796",
            "description": "Other: Of birch (Betula spp.)"
          },
          {
            "code": "440797",
            "description": "Other: Of poplar and aspen (Populus spp.)"
          },
          {
            "code": "440799",
            "description": "Other: Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4408",
        "description": "Sheets for veneering (including those obtained by slicing laminated wood), for plywood or for similar laminated wood and other wood, sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded, spliced or end-jointed, of a thickness not exceeding 6mm",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440810",
            "description": "Coniferous"
          },
          {
            "code": "440831",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Dark Red Meranti, Light Red Meranti and Meranti Bakau"
          },
          {
            "code": "440839",
            "description": "Of tropical wood: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "440890",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4409",
        "description": "Wood (including strips and friezes for parquet flooring, not assembled) continuously shaped (tongued, grooved, rebated, chamfered, V-jointed, beaded, moulded, rounded or the like) along any of its edges, ends or faces, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "440910",
            "description": "Coniferous"
          },
          {
            "code": "440921",
            "description": "Non-coniferous: Of bamboo"
          },
          {
            "code": "440922",
            "description": "Non-coniferous: Of tropical wood"
          },
          {
            "code": "440929",
            "description": "Non-coniferous: Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4410",
        "description": "Particle board, oriented strand board (OSB) and similar board (for example, waferboard) of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not agglomerated with resins or other organic binding substances",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "441011",
            "description": "Of wood: Particle board"
          },
          {
            "code": "441012",
            "description": "Of wood: Oriented strand board (OSB)"
          },
          {
            "code": "441019",
            "description": "Of wood: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "441090",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4411",
        "description": "Fibreboard of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not bonded with resins or other organic substances",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "441112",
            "description": "Medium density fibreboard (MDF): Of a thickness not exceeding 5mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "441113",
            "description": "Medium density fibreboard (MDF): Of a thickness exceeding 5mm but not exceeding 9mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "441114",
            "description": "Medium density fibreboard (MDF): Of a thickness exceeding 9mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "441192",
            "description": "Other: Of a density exceeding 0.8g/cm³"
          },
          {
            "code": "441193",
            "description": "Other: Of a density exceeding 0.5g/cm³ but not exceeding 0.8g/cm³"
          },
          {
            "code": "441194",
            "description": "Other: Of a density not exceeding 0.5g/cm³"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4412",
        "description": "Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "441210",
            "description": "Of bamboo"
          },
          {
            "code": "441231",
            "description": "Other plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood (other than bamboo), each ply not exceeding 6 mm thickness: With at least one outer ply of tropical wood"
          },
          {
            "code": "441233",
            "description": "Other plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood (other than bamboo), each ply not exceeding 6 mm thickness: Other, with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood of the species alder (Alnus spp.), ash (Fraxinus spp.), beech (Fagus spp.), birch (Betula spp.), cherry (Prunus spp.), chestnut (Castanea spp.), elm (Ulmus spp.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), hickory (Carya spp.), horse chestnut (Aesculus spp.), lime (Tilia spp.), maple (Acer spp.), oak (Quercus spp.), plane tree (Platanus spp.), poplar and aspen (Populus spp.), robinia (Robinia spp.), tulipwood (Liriodendron spp.) or walnut (Juglans spp.)"
          },
          {
            "code": "441234",
            "description": "Other plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood (other than bamboo), each ply not exceeding 6 mm thickness: Other, with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood not specified under subheading 4412.33"
          },
          {
            "code": "441239",
            "description": "Other plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood (other than bamboo), each ply not exceeding 6 mm thickness: Other, with both outer plies of coniferous wood"
          },
          {
            "code": "441241",
            "description": "Laminated veneered lumber (LVL): With at least one outer ply of tropical wood"
          },
          {
            "code": "441242",
            "description": "Laminated veneered lumber (LVL): Other, with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood"
          },
          {
            "code": "441249",
            "description": "Laminated veneered lumber (LVL): Other, with both outer plies of coniferous wood"
          },
          {
            "code": "441251",
            "description": "Blockboard, laminboard and battenboard: With at least one outer ply of tropical wood"
          },
          {
            "code": "441252",
            "description": "Blockboard, laminboard and battenboard: Other, with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood"
          },
          {
            "code": "441259",
            "description": "Blockboard, laminboard and battenboard: Other, with both outer plies of coniferous wood"
          },
          {
            "code": "441291",
            "description": "Other: With at least one outer ply of tropical wood"
          },
          {
            "code": "441292",
            "description": "Other: Other, with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood"
          },
          {
            "code": "441299",
            "description": "Other: Other, with both outer plies of coniferous wood"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4413",
        "description": "Densified wood, in blocks, plates, strips or profile shapes",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "441300",
            "description": "Densified wood, in blocks, plates, strips or profile shapes"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4414",
        "description": "Wooden frames for paintings, photographs, mirrors or similar objects",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "441410",
            "description": "Of tropical wood"
          },
          {
            "code": "441490",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4415",
        "description": "Packing cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar packings, of wood; cable-drums of wood; pallets, box pallets and other load boards, of wood; pallet collars of wood",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "441510",
            "description": "Cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar packings; cable-drums"
          },
          {
            "code": "441520",
            "description": "Pallets, box pallets and other load boards; pallet collars"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4416",
        "description": "Casks, barrels, vats, tubs and other coopers' products and parts thereof, of wood, including staves",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "441600",
            "description": "Casks, barrels, vats, tubs and other coopers' products and parts thereof, of wood, including staves"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4417",
        "description": "Tools, tool bodies, tool handles, broom or brush bodies and handles, of wood; boot or shoe lasts and trees, of wood",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "441700",
            "description": "Tools, tool bodies, tool handles, broom or brush bodies and handles, of wood; boot or shoe lasts and trees, of wood"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "4418",
        "description": "Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, including cellular wood panels, assembled flooring panels, shingles and shakes",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "441811",
            "description": "Windows, French windows and their frames: Of tropical wood"
          },
          {
            "code": "441819",
            "description": "Windows, French windows and their frames: Other"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
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