{
  "summary": "HS chapter 48 covers paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard. It has 22 headings, 48.01 to 48.23, and 101 six-digit subheadings in HS2022. National tariff lines under chapter 48 are live on border.bot for the United States (312 lines, also used by 1 other country).",
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-11",
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      "label": "Chapter",
      "value": "48",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
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    {
      "label": "Description",
      "value": "Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
    },
    {
      "label": "Headings",
      "value": "22",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
    },
    {
      "label": "Subheadings",
      "value": "101",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
    },
    {
      "label": "Edition",
      "value": "HS2022",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
    }
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  "faq": [
    {
      "question": "What does HS chapter 48 cover?",
      "answer": "HS chapter 48 covers paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard."
    },
    {
      "question": "How many headings and subheadings are in HS chapter 48?",
      "answer": "HS chapter 48 has 22 headings and 101 six-digit subheadings in HS2022."
    },
    {
      "question": "Which countries’ tariffs list national lines in HS chapter 48?",
      "answer": "National tariff lines under chapter 48 are live on border.bot for the United States (312 lines, also used by 1 other country)."
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "covers",
      "title": "What this chapter covers",
      "text": [
        "HS chapter 48 covers paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard.",
        "It has 22 headings, 48.01 to 48.23, and 101 six-digit subheadings in HS2022."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "not-covered",
      "title": "What it doesn’t cover",
      "text": [
        "Chapter 47, before it, covers pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic material; recovered (waste and scrap) paper or paperboard; chapter 49, after it, covers printed books, newspapers, pictures and other products of the printing industry; manuscripts, typescripts and plans."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "structure",
      "title": "How it is structured",
      "text": [
        "Chapter 48 is the first level of the Harmonized System. Its headings add two digits to the chapter number (48.01), and each heading's subheadings add two more."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "other-countries",
      "title": "In other countries",
      "text": [
        "National tariff lines under chapter 48 are live on border.bot for the United States (312 lines, also used by 1 other country)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sources",
      "title": "Sources and updates",
      "text": [
        "The Harmonized System legal text comes from border.bot release 2 (edition HS 2022), imported from a file, and has been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "This page was last updated on 11 October 2026.",
        "Guidance from published tariff data, not a binding ruling. For a decision customs must follow, apply to the destination’s customs authority for a binding tariff ruling."
      ]
    }
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        "description": "Other paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding and webs of cellulose fibres, cut to size or shape; other articles of paper pulp, paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding or webs of cellulose fibres",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "482390",
            "description": "Other"
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      "indexable": true
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      "description": "Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other products of the printing industry; manuscripts, typescripts and plans",
      "indexable": true
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    "schedules": [
      {
        "code": "US",
        "name": "United States",
        "slug": "united-states",
        "lines": 312,
        "members": 1
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    "provenance": [
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        "dataset": "GLOBAL:hs",
        "country": "GLOBAL",
        "kind": "hs",
        "seq": 2,
        "version": "mytraddal hs2022.csv (HS 2022)",
        "liveAt": "2026-10-11T06:04:17.693Z",
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  "previous": "https://border.bot/hs-codes/47",
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  "code": "48",
  "attribution": "border.bot tariff reference (border.bot), compiled from the official publishers named on each page.",
  "terms": "https://border.bot/legal/terms",
  "notice": "Guidance from published tariff data, not a binding ruling. For a decision customs must follow, apply to the destination’s customs authority for a binding tariff ruling.",
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