{
  "summary": "HS chapter 72 covers iron and steel. It has 29 headings, 72.01 to 72.29, and 167 six-digit subheadings in HS2022. National tariff lines under chapter 72 are live on border.bot for the United States (559 lines, also used by 1 other country).",
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-11",
  "facts": [
    {
      "label": "Chapter",
      "value": "72",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
    },
    {
      "label": "Description",
      "value": "Iron and steel",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
    },
    {
      "label": "Headings",
      "value": "29",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
    },
    {
      "label": "Subheadings",
      "value": "167",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
    },
    {
      "label": "Edition",
      "value": "HS2022",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #2"
    }
  ],
  "faq": [
    {
      "question": "What does HS chapter 72 cover?",
      "answer": "HS chapter 72 covers iron and steel."
    },
    {
      "question": "How many headings and subheadings are in HS chapter 72?",
      "answer": "HS chapter 72 has 29 headings and 167 six-digit subheadings in HS2022."
    },
    {
      "question": "Which countries’ tariffs list national lines in HS chapter 72?",
      "answer": "National tariff lines under chapter 72 are live on border.bot for the United States (559 lines, also used by 1 other country)."
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "covers",
      "title": "What this chapter covers",
      "text": [
        "HS chapter 72 covers iron and steel.",
        "It has 29 headings, 72.01 to 72.29, and 167 six-digit subheadings in HS2022."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "not-covered",
      "title": "What it doesn’t cover",
      "text": [
        "Chapter 71, before it, covers natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin; chapter 73, after it, covers articles of iron or steel."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "structure",
      "title": "How it is structured",
      "text": [
        "Chapter 72 is the first level of the Harmonized System. Its headings add two digits to the chapter number (72.01), and each heading's subheadings add two more."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "other-countries",
      "title": "In other countries",
      "text": [
        "National tariff lines under chapter 72 are live on border.bot for the United States (559 lines, also used by 1 other country)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sources",
      "title": "Sources and updates",
      "text": [
        "The Harmonized System legal text comes from border.bot release 2 (edition HS 2022), imported from a file, and has been live since 11 October 2026.",
        "This page was last updated on 11 October 2026.",
        "Guidance from published tariff data, not a binding ruling. For a decision customs must follow, apply to the destination’s customs authority for a binding tariff ruling."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "data": {
    "type": "hs-chapter",
    "edition": "HS2022",
    "chapter": {
      "code": "72",
      "description": "Iron and steel"
    },
    "headings": [
      {
        "code": "7201",
        "description": "Pig iron and spiegeleisen in pigs, blocks or other primary forms",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "720110",
            "description": "Non-alloy pig iron containing by weight 0.5 % or less of phosphorus"
          },
          {
            "code": "720120",
            "description": "Non-alloy pig iron containing by weight more than 0.5 % of phosphorus"
          },
          {
            "code": "720150",
            "description": "Alloy pig iron; spiegeleisen"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7202",
        "description": "Ferro-alloys",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "720211",
            "description": "Ferro-manganese: Containing by weight more than 2 % of carbon"
          },
          {
            "code": "720219",
            "description": "Ferro-manganese: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "720221",
            "description": "Ferro-silicon: Containing by weight more than 55 % of silicon"
          },
          {
            "code": "720229",
            "description": "Ferro-silicon: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "720230",
            "description": "Ferro-silico-manganese"
          },
          {
            "code": "720241",
            "description": "Ferro-chromium: Containing by weight more than 4 % of carbon"
          },
          {
            "code": "720249",
            "description": "Ferro-chromium: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "720250",
            "description": "Ferro-silico-chromium"
          },
          {
            "code": "720260",
            "description": "Ferro-nickel"
          },
          {
            "code": "720270",
            "description": "Ferro-molybdenum"
          },
          {
            "code": "720280",
            "description": "Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten"
          },
          {
            "code": "720291",
            "description": "Other: Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium"
          },
          {
            "code": "720292",
            "description": "Other: Ferro-vanadium"
          },
          {
            "code": "720293",
            "description": "Other: Ferro-niobium"
          },
          {
            "code": "720299",
            "description": "Other: Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7203",
        "description": "Ferrous products obtained by direct reduction of iron ore and other spongy ferrous products, in lumps, pellets or similar forms; iron having a minimum purity by weight of 99.94 %, in lumps, pellets or similar forms",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "720310",
            "description": "Ferrous products obtained by direct reduction of iron ore"
          },
          {
            "code": "720390",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7204",
        "description": "Ferrous waste and scrap; remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "720410",
            "description": "Waste and scrap of cast iron"
          },
          {
            "code": "720421",
            "description": "Waste and scrap of alloy steel: Of stainless steel"
          },
          {
            "code": "720429",
            "description": "Waste and scrap of alloy steel: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "720430",
            "description": "Waste and scrap of tinned iron or steel"
          },
          {
            "code": "720441",
            "description": "Other waste and scrap: Turnings, shavings, chips, milling waste, sawdust, filings, trimmings and stampings, whether or not in bundles"
          },
          {
            "code": "720449",
            "description": "Other waste and scrap: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "720450",
            "description": "Remelting scrap ingots"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7205",
        "description": "Granules and powders, of pig iron, spiegeleisen, iron or steel",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "720510",
            "description": "Granules"
          },
          {
            "code": "720521",
            "description": "Powders: Of alloy steel"
          },
          {
            "code": "720529",
            "description": "Powders: Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7206",
        "description": "Iron and non-alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms (excluding iron of heading 72.03)",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "720610",
            "description": "Ingots"
          },
          {
            "code": "720690",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7207",
        "description": "Semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "720711",
            "description": "Containing by weight less than 0,25 % of carbon: Of rectangular (including square) cross-section, the width measuring less than twice the thickness"
          },
          {
            "code": "720712",
            "description": "Containing by weight less than 0,25 % of carbon: Other, of rectangular (other than square) cross-section"
          },
          {
            "code": "720719",
            "description": "Containing by weight less than 0,25 % of carbon: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "720720",
            "description": "Containing by weight 0.25 % or more of carbon"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7208",
        "description": "Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of 600 mm or more, hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "720810",
            "description": "In coils, not further worked than hot-rolled, with patterns in relief"
          },
          {
            "code": "720825",
            "description": "Other, in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled, pickled: Of a thickness of 4.75mm or more"
          },
          {
            "code": "720826",
            "description": "Other, in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled, pickled: Of a thickness of 3mm or more but less than 4.75mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720827",
            "description": "Other, in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled, pickled: Of a thickness of less than 3mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720836",
            "description": "Other, in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled: Of a thickness exceeding 10mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720837",
            "description": "Other, in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled: Of a thickness of 4.75mm or more but not exceeding 10mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720838",
            "description": "Other, in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled: Of a thickness of 3mm or more but less than 4.75mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720839",
            "description": "Other, in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled: Of a thickness of less than 3mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720840",
            "description": "Not in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled, with patterns in relief"
          },
          {
            "code": "720851",
            "description": "Other, not in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled: Of a thickness exceeding 10mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720852",
            "description": "Other, not in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled: Of a thickness of 4.75mm or more but not exceeding 10mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720853",
            "description": "Other, not in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled: Of a thickness of 3mm or more but less than 4.75mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720854",
            "description": "Other, not in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled: Of a thickness of less than 3mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720890",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7209",
        "description": "Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of 600 mm or more, cold-rolled (cold-reduced), not clad, plated or coated",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "720915",
            "description": "In coils, not further worked than cold-rolled (cold-reduced): Of a thickness of 3mm or more"
          },
          {
            "code": "720916",
            "description": "In coils, not further worked than cold-rolled (cold-reduced): Of a thickness exceeding 1mm but less than 3mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720917",
            "description": "In coils, not further worked than cold-rolled (cold-reduced): Of a thickness of 0.5mm or more but not exceeding 1mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720918",
            "description": "In coils, not further worked than cold-rolled (cold-reduced): Of a thickness of less than 0.5mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720925",
            "description": "Not in coils, not further worked than cold-rolled (cold-reduced): Of a thickness of 3mm or more"
          },
          {
            "code": "720926",
            "description": "Not in coils, not further worked than cold-rolled (cold-reduced): Of a thickness exceeding 1mm but less than 3mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720927",
            "description": "Not in coils, not further worked than cold-rolled (cold-reduced): Of a thickness of 0.5mm or more but not exceeding 1mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720928",
            "description": "Not in coils, not further worked than cold-rolled (cold-reduced): Of a thickness of less than 0.5mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "720990",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7210",
        "description": "Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of 600 mm or more, clad, plated or coated",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "721011",
            "description": "Plated or coated with tin: Of a thickness of 0.5mm or more"
          },
          {
            "code": "721012",
            "description": "Plated or coated with tin: Of a thickness of less than 0.5mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "721020",
            "description": "Plated or coated with lead, including terne-plate"
          },
          {
            "code": "721030",
            "description": "Electrolytically plated or coated with zinc"
          },
          {
            "code": "721041",
            "description": "Otherwise plated or coated with zinc: Corrugated"
          },
          {
            "code": "721049",
            "description": "Otherwise plated or coated with zinc: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "721050",
            "description": "Plated or coated with chromium oxides or with chromium and chromium oxides"
          },
          {
            "code": "721061",
            "description": "Plated or coated with aluminium: Plated or coated with aluminium-zinc alloys"
          },
          {
            "code": "721069",
            "description": "Plated or coated with aluminium: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "721070",
            "description": "Painted, varnished or coated with plastics"
          },
          {
            "code": "721090",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7211",
        "description": "Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of less than 600mm, not clad, plated or coated",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "721113",
            "description": "Not further worked than hot-rolled: Rolled on four faces or in a closed box pass, of a width exceeding 150 mm and a thickness of not less than 4 mm, not in coils and without patterns in relief"
          },
          {
            "code": "721114",
            "description": "Not further worked than hot-rolled: Other, of a thickness of 4.75mm or more"
          },
          {
            "code": "721119",
            "description": "Not further worked than hot-rolled: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "721123",
            "description": "Not further worked than cold-rolled (cold-reduced): Containing by weight less than 0.25 % of carbon"
          },
          {
            "code": "721129",
            "description": "Not further worked than cold-rolled (cold-reduced): Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "721190",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7212",
        "description": "Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of less than 600mm, clad, plated or coated",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "721210",
            "description": "Plated or coated with tin"
          },
          {
            "code": "721220",
            "description": "Electrolytically plated or coated with zinc"
          },
          {
            "code": "721230",
            "description": "Otherwise plated or coated with zinc"
          },
          {
            "code": "721240",
            "description": "Painted, varnished or coated with plastics"
          },
          {
            "code": "721250",
            "description": "Otherwise plated or coated"
          },
          {
            "code": "721260",
            "description": "Clad"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7213",
        "description": "Bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils, of iron or non-alloy steel",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "721310",
            "description": "Containing indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process"
          },
          {
            "code": "721320",
            "description": "Other, of free-cutting steel"
          },
          {
            "code": "721391",
            "description": "Other: Of circular cross-section measuring less than 14mm in diameter"
          },
          {
            "code": "721399",
            "description": "Other: Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7214",
        "description": "Other bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, but including those twisted after rolling",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "721410",
            "description": "Forged"
          },
          {
            "code": "721420",
            "description": "Containing indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process or twisted after rolling"
          },
          {
            "code": "721430",
            "description": "Other, of free-cutting steel"
          },
          {
            "code": "721491",
            "description": "Other: Of rectangular (other than square) cross-section"
          },
          {
            "code": "721499",
            "description": "Other: Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7215",
        "description": "Other bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "721510",
            "description": "Of free-cutting steel, not further worked than cold-formed or cold- finished"
          },
          {
            "code": "721550",
            "description": "Other, not further worked than cold-formed or cold-finished"
          },
          {
            "code": "721590",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "7216",
        "description": "Angles, shapes and sections of iron or non-alloy steel",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "721610",
            "description": "U, I or H sections, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of less than 80mm"
          },
          {
            "code": "721621",
            "description": "L or T sections, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of less than 80 mm: L sections"
          },
          {
            "code": "721622",
            "description": "L or T sections, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of less than 80 mm: T sections"
          },
          {
            "code": "721631",
            "description": "U, I or H sections, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of 80 mm or more: U sections"
          },
          {
            "code": "721632",
            "description": "U, I or H sections, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of 80 mm or more: I sections"
          },
          {
            "code": "721633",
            "description": "U, I or H sections, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of 80 mm or more: H sections"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
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      "code": "71",
      "description": "Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin",
      "indexable": true
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    "next": {
      "code": "73",
      "description": "Articles of iron or steel",
      "indexable": true
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        "code": "US",
        "name": "United States",
        "slug": "united-states",
        "lines": 559,
        "members": 1
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  "code": "72",
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